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Free nerve endings function8/24/2023 The superficial fascia is the second most highly innervated soft tissue after the skin, with a density of nerve structures of 33.0 ± 2.5/cm 2 and 64.0 ± 5.2/cm 2, respectively, and a mean size of 19.1 ± 7.2 μm the deep fascia has a nerve density of 19 ± 5.0/cm 2 and presents a thin but huge network of small nerve fibers (mean diameter 15.5 ± 9.4 μm) 6. Furthermore, also different areas show different density and type of innervation. It is now demonstrated that the different fasciae have different type of innervation: the visceral fascia is rich in autonomic innervation 4, the superficial fascia shares with the skin mechano- and thermic-receptors, and the deep fascia has a role in proprioception 5. The first event in which many Authors described a huge presence of sensory nerves in the fasciae with a role in proprioception and nociception was the First International Fascia Congress (2007, Harvard Medical School, Boston) 3. In 1974, Sakada and co-authors studied the masticatory area but without giving a specific meaning to the presence of mechanoreceptors in the fascia 2. The first demonstrations that fascia is innervated date back to 1957: Stilwell reported some histological findings about sensory nerves in deep fasciae 1. Based on these results, it is suggested that the two fasciae have different roles in proprioception and pain perception: the free nerve endings inside thoracolumbar fascia may function as proprioceptors, regulating the tensions coming from associated muscles and having a role in nonspecific low back pain, whereas the epymisial fasciae works to coordinate the actions of the various motor units of the underlying muscle.įor many years fascia was considered as an inert tissue, which wraps and gives mechanical support to muscles and other organs. Lastly, corpuscles were not found in thoracolumbar fascia. Both fasciae revealed the same density of autonomic nerve fibers (0.08%). The innervation was statistically significantly lower in the gluteal fascia (2.78 ± 0.6% of positive area, 140.3 ± 31.6/mm 2 branching points, nerves with 3.2 ± 0.6 mm length and 4.9 ± 0.2 µm thickness) with respect to the thoracolumbar fascia (9.01 ± 0.98% of innervated area, 500.9 ± 43.1 branching points/mm 2, length of 87.1 ± 1.0 mm, thickness of 5.8 ± 0.2 µm). The results showed that the fascial tissue is pervaded by a rhomboid and dense network of nerves. The antibodies used were Anti-S100, Anti-Tyrosine Hydroxylase and Anti-PGP, specific for the Schwann cells forming myelin, the sympathetic nerve fibers, and the peripheral nerve fibers, respectively. ![]() In this work the aponeurotic thoracolumbar fascia and the epymisial gluteal fascia of seven adult C57-BL mice were analysed by Transmission Electron Microscopy and floating immunohistochemistry with the aim to study the organization of nerve fibers, the presence of nerve corpuscles and the amount of autonomic innervation. It is recognized that different fasciae have different type of innervation, but actually nothing is known about the specific innervation of the two types of deep fascia, aponeurotic and epymisial fascia.
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